Historical Monuments of Khiva

Ichan Kala
Ichan Kala (Ichan-Qala, Ichan-Kala) (literally "internal fortress") forms the internal city of Khiva. The borders of Khiva coincided with that in the 16^th-17^th centuries. The clay wall over 2,200 m in length and 7-8 m in height surrounded Ichan Kala. The wall was fortified with semicircular towers. The embattled gallery went along the top of wall. Defensive walls of Ichan Kala reliably protected Khiva down to invasion of Nadir-shah in the middle of 18^th century. Iranian troops took Khiva and fortification system was partly destroyed. Khiva had expanded at the Qungrad dynasty. By the 20^th century its area had been fifteen times as much as Ichan Kala.

Ichan Kala, the historical center of Khiva, was inscribed into UNESCO World Heritage List. There are more than sixty architectural monuments: palaces, mosques, madrassahs, minarets and mausoleums. The fortress of Kunya-Ark was constructed in the 17^th century in Ichan Kala for khan's administration. Each of Ichan Kala's four walls has the gates (darvaza). The western gates - Ata-darvaza are located beside Kunya-Ark, the northern - Bahcha-darvaza are on the road to Urgench, the eastern - Palvan-darvaza lead to Hazarasp and the Amu-Darya River and the southern - Tash-darvaza to the Qarakum Desert. Ata-darvaza were destroyed in 1920 and restored in the 1970^s.

Dishan-Kala: